Hamza - ء
Hamza is a vowel. It has no sound, but it is audible. This is due to reading not the hamza itself, but its vocalization. It is precisely because of this inaccuracy that some Arabicans argue whether it should become a full letter and function in the alphabet. If so, then there would be 29 letters of the Arabic alphabet.
Hamze is otherwise called a voice stumble. This name is derived from the characteristic pronunciation of hamze, which consists of a momentary stumble/stop.
HAMZA's REST
It rarely appears alone in the text. However, there are letters on which it is based. At the beginning of the sentence it will always be أ or إ, and the other letters on which the it is based are ئ and ؤ. Despite the different supports, it is important to remember about the vocalisation, not the support.
EXAMPLES
Tabela dostępna na alarabija.com